| Information | |
|---|---|
| has gloss | (noun) a privileged class holding hereditary titles nobility, aristocracy |
| has gloss | eng: :For other uses see Noble Nobility is a state-privileged status which is generally hereditary. Titles of nobility are usually associated with present or former monarchies. The term originally referred to those who were "known" or "notable" and was applied to the highest social class in pre-modern societies. In the feudal system (in Europe and elsewhere), the nobility were generally those who held a fief, often land or office, under vassalage, i.e., in exchange for allegiance and various, mainly military, services to the Monarch and at lower levels to another nobleman. It rapidly came to be seen as a hereditary caste, sometimes associated with a right to bear a hereditary title and, for example in pre-revolutionary France, enjoying fiscal and other privileges. While noble status formerly conferred significant privileges, today, in most Western countries, noble status is a purely honorary dignity. In the United Kingdom, where some peerage titles, until recently, guaranteed a seat in the Upper House of the Parliament, there are still some residual privileges. |
| has gloss | eng: Nobility was the highest social class in pre-modern societies. In the feudal system (in Europe and elsewhere), the nobility were mostly those who had got land from the monarch and had to give services to him, mainly military service. |
| lexicalization | eng: aristocracy |
| lexicalization | eng: Nobility |
| subclass of | (noun) a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status elite group, elite |
| has subclass | (noun) members of the nobility (especially of the French nobility) noblesse |
| has subclass | (noun) the peers of a kingdom considered as a group peerage, baronage |
| has subclass | (noun) the collective body of baronets baronetage |
| has subclass | (noun) aristocrats holding the rank of knight knighthood |
| has subclass | (noun) feudal Japanese military aristocracy samurai |
| has subclass | c/Archduchesses of Austria |
| has subclass | c/Archdukes of Austria |
| has subclass | c/Earldoms |
| has subclass | c/Lines of succession |
| has subclass | c/Noble jurisdictions |
| has subclass | c/Peerages of the United Kingdom |
| has subclass | c/Polish coats of arms |
| has subclass | c/Tatar dukes and mirzas |
| has subclass | e/Favourite |
| has subclass | e/Morganatic marriage |
| has subclass | e/Naturalization |
| Note: 665 other instance(s) ommited in the following list | |
| has instance | c/da/Betitlet adel |
| has instance | e/da/Lensgreve |
| has instance | e/de/Adelsrecht |
| has instance | e/de/Damenclub |
| has instance | e/de/Edelfrei |
| has instance | e/de/Erbmänner |
| has instance | e/de/Freiherrnkrone |
| has instance | c/de/Adliger |
| has instance | e/de/Lever |
| has instance | e/Baron Greenwich |
| has instance | e/CILANE |
| has instance | e/Castellan |
| has instance | c/European nobility |
| has instance | e/Dorothy Bray, Baroness Chandos |
| has instance | e/Edward Nevill, 8th Baron Bergavenny |
| has instance | e/Elizabeth Howard, Duchess of Norfolk |
| has instance | e/Elizabeth Percy, Countess of Essex |
| has instance | e/Elizabeth Somerset, Countess of Worcester (c.1476-c.1513) |
| has instance | e/Family seat |
| has instance | e/Feudal earldom |
| has instance | e/House of Rohan |
| has instance | e/Hugh de Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford |
| has instance | e/Ida de Grey |
| has instance | e/Margaret de Clare |
| has instance | e/Maud of Gloucester, Countess of Chester |
| has instance | e/Van (Dutch) |
| has instance | c/eo/Caroj |
| has instance | e/fr/Au plaisir de Dieu |
| has instance | e/fr/Delorme de Beauregard |
| has instance | e/fr/Liste de batards |
| has instance | e/fr/Listes des saints issus des familles princières |
| has instance | c/it/Repertori nobiliari italiani |
| has instance | c/lb/Fränkeschen Adel |
| has instance | e/pt/Antônio Luis von Hoonholtz |
| has instance | e/ro/Ioan lado de zakal |
| has instance | c/ru/Дворяне по странам |
| has instance | c/ru/Дворянские гербы |
| has instance | e/ru/Собрание Белорусской Шляхты |
| has instance | c/uk/Барони |
| has instance | c/zh/俄國貴族 |
| Meaning | |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | |
| lexicalization | afr: adel |
| Arabic | |
| has gloss | ara: النُبل أو النَبالة هي التسمية التي تطلق على النبلاء المنتمين إلى إحدى مؤسسات فئة المحاربين الاجتماعية. كان هذا الانتماء يعود إلى الجدارة في البداية ثم أصبحت الألقاب تتوارث من جيل إلى آخر. وبرغم من إلغاء هذا التقسيم رسميا فإن هذه الفئة تنعم إلى حد اليوم بدور اجتماعي كبير. |
| lexicalization | ara: نبل |
| Standard Arabic | |
| lexicalization | arb: أرستقراطية |
| Aragonese | |
| lexicalization | arg: Nobleza |
| Asturian | |
| lexicalization | ast: aristocracia |
| Bavarian | |
| lexicalization | bar: adel |
| Belarusian | |
| lexicalization | bel: Дваранства |
| lexicalization | bel: Шляхта |
| Bosnian | |
| has gloss | bos: Plemstvo je tradicionalni nasljedni status koji danas postoji u mnogim zemljama, pretežno onim koje su prije bile kraljevstva. |
| lexicalization | bos: Plemstvo |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | bos: aristokratija |
| Bulgarian | |
| lexicalization | bul: Аристокрация |
| lexicalization | bul: аристокрация |
| Catalan | |
| has gloss | cat: La noblesa és un estat hereditari tradicional que existeix avui en molts països (principalment actuals o anteriors monarquies). El terme va referir originalment a les famílies o persones "conegudes" o "notables" (en llatí nobilis significa "conegut", "cèlebre"). |
| lexicalization | cat: Noblesa |
| lexicalization | cat: aristocràcia |
| Czech | |
| has gloss | ces: Šlechta (též nobilita či aristokracie ) je soubor jedinců, majících zvláštní právní výsady a nezřídka také nárok na šlechtický titul. Příslušnost k této skupině vychází z rodového principu a je proto zpravidla založena manželským původem po šlechtickém otci. Druhým hlavním způsobem je pak povýšení do šlechtického stavu panovníkem (zvláštním případem je automatické šlechtictví pro bratry papežů a jejich patrilineární potomky na základě buly Urbem Romam papeže Benedikta XIV. z roku 1746). |
| lexicalization | ces: aristokracie |
| lexicalization | ces: šlechta |
| lexicalization | ces: Šlechtici |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ces: urozenost |
| Mandarin Chinese | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | cmn: 贵族 |
| Welsh | |
| lexicalization | cym: pendefigaeth |
| Danish | |
| has gloss | dan: Adel Adel er en betegnelse på den højeste samfundsklasse i et land, der historisk nød visse privilegier, samt oprindelig havde en del forpligtelser. Adel har eksisteret i mange århundreder og i mange civilisationer, bl.a. hos ægypterne, inderne, araberne og i det romerske rige. |
| lexicalization | dan: adel |
| lexicalization | dan: aristokrati |
| German | |
| has gloss | deu: Der Adel (lat.: nobilitas, althochdeutsch: Abstammung, Geschlecht) ist eine in den meisten Ländern Europas untergegangene privilegierte Gesellschaftsschicht. In feudalen Ständeordnungen war sie die herrschende soziale Schicht (Stand), gegründet auf Geburt, Besitz, Zuerkennung und gelegentlich auf Leistung. Sie hatte besondere Lebensformen und ein hoch entwickeltes Standesethos. |
| lexicalization | deu: adel |
| lexicalization | deu: Aristokratie |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | deu: Adelsstand |
| lexicalization | deu: Noblesse |
| Modern Greek (1453-) | |
| lexicalization | ell: αριστοκρατία |
| Esperanto | |
| has gloss | epo: Nobelo estas homo, kiu pro sia familia deveno aŭ pro favoro de regnestro ricevis apartajn privilegiojn kaj kiu almenaŭ posedas honoran titolon, kiu distingas lin aŭ ŝin de la ceteraj regnanoj. |
| lexicalization | epo: Nobeloj |
| lexicalization | epo: Nobelo |
| lexicalization | epo: nobeleco |
| lexicalization | epo: nobelaro |
| lexicalization | epo: aristokrataro |
| lexicalization | epo: aristokratio |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | epo: aristokrateco |
| Estonian | |
| has gloss | est: Aadel ehk aadlikud oli Euroopa keskaegses ühiskonnas pärilik eesõigustatud seisus, mis oli alguse saanud maaomandist ja sõjalistest või muudest teenetest. Selle prototüübi järgi nimetatakse aadliks ka selle ühiskonnagrupi hilisemat vormi ja teiste maade ning varasemaid analoogseid ühiskonnakihte. |
| lexicalization | est: aadel |
| lexicalization | est: aristokraatia |
| Basque | |
| has gloss | eus: Noblezia gehienetan jarauspen bidez lortzen den maila pribilegioduna da. Antzinako Erregimenean eta feudalismoan, nobleek feudo bat (lurra edo errenta bat) zeukaten erregeari, edo beste noble bati, laguntza (militarra batik bat) ematearen truke. |
| lexicalization | eus: Noblezia |
| lexicalization | eus: aristokrazia |
| Finnish | |
| has gloss | fin: Aateli (aatelisto) on eurooppalaiseen sääty-yhteiskuntaan kuuluva käsite. Se tarkoittaa syntyperänsä, maaomistuksensa ja osin myös ansioidensa perusteella etuoikeutettua yhteiskunnan kerrosta, jolla on oma säädynmukainen eetoksensa. Aateliuden kaltaisia ilmiöitä, aristokratiaa, on esiintynyt monissa muissakin kulttuureissa. Keskiajalla ja varhaisella uudella ajalla aateli oli ennen kaikkea maanomistaja- ja sotilassääty, ja sittemmin myös ylempi virkamiessääty. |
| lexicalization | fin: Aateli |
| lexicalization | fin: aristokratia |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | fin: aristokraattisuus |
| lexicalization | fin: ylimystö |
| French | |
| has gloss | fra: La noblesse est le terme qui désigne primitivement les différentes institutions liées aux métiers des armes et de la guerre, aussi bien en ce qui concerne ses personnels, que ses arts, ses mobiles et ses actions. Par extension, la noblesse désigne un sentiment ou une attitude chevaleresque ou désintéressée. Par la suite, la Noblesse (avec une majuscule ) dun pays ou dune province désigne l'ensemble des familles dont les membres exercent ou peuvent exercer certaines fonctions de commandement militaire ou civil qui leur sont réservées (les emplois nobles). |
| lexicalization | fra: noblesse |
| lexicalization | fra: aristocratie |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | fra: aristocracie |
| lexicalization | fra: état gouverné par une aristocracie |
| Western Frisian | |
| has gloss | fry: Mei eallju of de adel waard froeger de elite fan in lân oantsjut. De stân fan eallju ûntstie likernôch oan it begjin fan de jiertelling en waard stadichoan wichtiger. Yn de midsieuwen hienen hja in soad oansjen, mar yn de rin fan de tiid is dat hieltyd minder wurden. |
| lexicalization | fry: adel |
| lexicalization | fry: eallju |
| Gaelic | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | gla: uaisleachd |
| lexicalization | gla: flaitheachd |
| Galician | |
| has gloss | glg: A Nobreza era unha dos tres estamentos medievais e do Antigo Réxime, xunto co clero e o terceiro estado. Constituia o estamento privilexiado da sociedade até as revolucións burguesas, e elaborou unha serie de teorías para xustificar eses privilexios nunha suposta superioridade moral ou racial. |
| lexicalization | glg: nobreza |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | glg: aristocracia |
| Serbo-Croatian | |
| has gloss | hbs: Plemstvo (latinski: nobilitas) je zajednički naziv za osobe koje nose posebnu plemićku titulu dobijenu od države, a koja sa sobom povlači određene društvene privilegije ili počast. Ta se titula može naslijediti od predaka, ali i dobiti za trajanja života, zbog čega se razlikuju nasljedno i počasno plemstvo. |
| lexicalization | hbs: plemstvo |
| Hebrew | |
| has gloss | heb: אצולה היא המעמד הגבוה בחברה, שבה ניתן להבחין במעמדות חברתיים ושבה המעמד עובר בירושה, בהתאם לכללים וחוקים מסוימים. תארי האצולה מתייחסים במיוחד לחברות בהן הייתה או קיימת מלוכה. בני המעמד מכונים לעתים גם בעלי דם כחול, כינוי שנוצר בספרד (sangre azul) כדי להבחין בין ספרדים "טהורים", שגוֹן עורם בהיר ועל כן כלי הדם שלהם נראים במבט מבחוץ כחולים, לבין המוּרים, שגון עורם היה כהה יותר. |
| lexicalization | heb: אצולה |
| lexicalization | heb: אריסטוקרטיה |
| Croatian | |
| has gloss | hrv: Plemstvo označava poseban socijalni društveni sloj. U gotovo svim europskim zemaljama plemstvo je izgubilo status povlaštenog društvenog sloja. |
| lexicalization | hrv: plemstvo |
| Hungarian | |
| has gloss | hun: A nemesség kiváltságokat jelentő rang és jogállás, illetve az ezekkel rendelkező társadalmi osztály volt Európa nagy részén. A középkorban és az újkorban a társadalom uralkodó csoportját alkotta és a fő politikai és gazdasági hatalmat birtokolta. Ma már inkább csak jelképes társadalmi jelentőségű öröklődő rang egyes európai országokban. |
| lexicalization | hun: nemesség |
| lexicalization | hun: arisztokrácia |
| Armenian | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | hye: արիստոկրատիա |
| Ido | |
| lexicalization | ido: Nobelaro |
| Indonesian | |
| has gloss | ind: Bangsawan adalaah kelas sosial tertinggi dalam masyarakat pra-modern. Dalam sistem feodal (di Eropa dan sebagainya), bangsawan sebagian besar adalah mereka yang memiliki tanah dari penguasa dan harus bertugas untuknya, terutama dinas militer. |
| lexicalization | ind: bangsawan |
| Icelandic | |
| has gloss | isl: Aðall er heiti á ákveðinni stétt fólks sem oftast er sú valdamesta og auðugasta í tilteknu landi. Aðalsstétt nýtur auk þess ákveðinna sérréttinda. Aðalsmenn og -konur bera ákveðna titla sem ganga í arf til barna þeirra ásamt þeim réttindum sem titlinum fylgja. Einhvers konar aðall hefur verið til í samfélögum þar sem lénskerfi hefur einhvern tíma verið til. |
| lexicalization | isl: Aðall |
| lexicalization | isl: aðalsveldi |
| Italian | |
| has gloss | ita: Il termine nobiltà ha un duplice significato: indica sia uno status privilegiato riconosciuto dallautorità, sia linsieme dei soggetti che beneficiano di tale condizione. Con riferimento a questultima accezione, lo storico Marc Bloch definisce nobiltà la classe dominante che abbia uno statuto giuridico suo proprio che confermi e materializzi la superiorità che essa pretende e, in secondo luogo, che tale statuto si perpetui per via ereditaria. È ammessa, a favore di alcune famiglie nuove, la possibilità di conquistarne laccesso, anche se in numero ristretto e secondo norme regolarmente stabilite. |
| lexicalization | ita: Nobiltà |
| lexicalization | ita: aristocrazia |
| Japanese | |
| has gloss | jpn: 貴族（きぞく）とは血統や門地のゆえに社会的特権を認められている人やその一族、またはその身分。多くは世襲されるが、特別な功績により新たに貴族になることもある。君主の一族を、特に、「皇族」、「王族」、「公族」などと称し、これを貴族に含めない用語法もある。 |
| lexicalization | jpn: 貴族 |
| lexicalization | jpn: 貴族制 |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | jpn: 貴族政治 |
| lexicalization | jpn: 特権階級 |
| Georgian | |
| has gloss | kat: თავადაზნაურობა, ფეოდალურ საზოგადოებაში იურიდიულად გაფორმებული საერო მიწათმფლობელთა პრივილეგირებული (პრივილეგიები მემკვიდრეობით გადაეცემოდა) წოდება, რომელიც სასულიერო წოდებასთან ერთად ქმნიდა გაბატონებულ კლასს. თავადაზნაურობის ეკონომიკური და პოლიტიკური ძლიერების უშუალო წყარო მიწაზე ფეოდალური საკუთრება იყო. თავადაზნაურობა უპირისპირდებოდა ძირითად ექსპლუატირებულ კლასს — გლეხობას, რომლის შრომის პროდუქტის დიდ ნაწილს იგი ითვისებდა ფეოდალური რენტის სახით. სხვა წოდებებისაგან თავადაზნაურობა გამოირჩეოდა თავისი მდგომარეობით, პრივილეგიებით, აღზრდით, ყოფა-ცხოვრებით, თავადაზნაურული საგანგებო მორალური კოდექსით, რომლის თანახმად თავადაზნაურობა აღიარებული იყო როგორც "დაბალი" წოდებების ყველა წარმომადგენლის ბატონი და მბრძანებელი. თავადაზნაურობა ჩაცმითა და ვარცხნილობითაც კი განსხვავდებოდა. |
| lexicalization | kat: არისტოკრატია |
| lexicalization | kat: თავადაზნაურობა |
| Korean | |
| has gloss | kor: 귀족(貴族)이란 혈통이나 문벌에 의해 사회적 특권을 인정받고 있는 사람이나 그 일족, 또는 그 신분을 말한다. 많게는 세습되지만, 특별한 공적에 의해 새로 귀족이 될 수도 있다. 군주의 일족을 특히 황족(皇族), 왕족(王族), 공족(公族) 등으로 칭해, 이를 귀족에 포함하지 않는 용어법도 있다. |
| lexicalization | kor: 귀족 |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | kor: 귀족 정치 |
| lexicalization | kor: 귀족사회 |
| Latin | |
| lexicalization | lat: aristocratia |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | lat: aristokratija |
| Latvian | |
| lexicalization | lav: Aristokrātija |
| lexicalization | lav: aristokrātija |
| Lithuanian | |
| lexicalization | lit: aristokratija |
| Letzeburgesch | |
| has gloss | ltz: Den Adel ass eng sozial Grupp déi um Ierfschaftsrecht opgebaut ass, a wou dMemberen (oder hir Virfahren) hire Wäert bewisen hunn. A prämodernen Zäite ware si déi Grupp, déi an der Gesellschaft déi héchste Plaz hat. Am feudale System an Europa an och soss an der Welt waren dAdeleg déi, déi e Fief1 als Vasall haten, an als Konterpartie dem Kinnek trei waren, a fir hien zum Beispill an de Krich gezu sinn. Zimlech séier war domadder verbonnen, e gewëssen Titel ze droen, deen ee sengen Nokomme verierft huet. Am Frankräich vum Ancien Régime haten déi Adeleg och divers steierlech an aner Virdeeler a Virrechter2. Hautdesdaags huet en Adelstitel gréisstendeels nëmmen nach e representative Wäert, ouni datt si eng speziell Muecht hätten, wéi dat virun e puer Joerhonnerten nach de Fall war. |
| lexicalization | ltz: Adel |
| Macedonian | |
| lexicalization | mkd: Благородништво |
| lexicalization | mkd: аристократија |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | mkd: чорбаџиство |
| Maltese | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | mlt: aristokrazija |
| Malay (macrolanguage) | |
| has gloss | msa: Golongan bangsawan atau aristokrasi merupakan suatu sistem kerajaan dimana pemerintahnya berasal dari golongan bangsawan atau aristokrat. Bangsawan disini tidak semestinya termasuk golongan raja tetapi mereka yang datang dari kumpulan berstatus tinggi dan berharta. |
| lexicalization | msa: Golongan bangsawan |
| Min Nan Chinese | |
| has gloss | nan: Hôa-cho̍k, mā kiò-chó kùi-cho̍k. |
| lexicalization | nan: Hoâ-cho̍k |
| lexicalization | nan: Hôa-cho̍k |
| Low German | |
| has gloss | nds: Den adel is ne geslotten moatschoppeleke klasse mit völ anzeen in ne staandenmoatschoppi-je. Den Europesen adel van vandage is histories ontstoan in staandenmoatschoppi-jen van veur de Fraanse Revolusie. In veule moatschoppi-jvörmen is ne beveurrechte klasse an te wiezen en et véurkommen van ne dergeleke klasse is van alle tieden. Ok de olde Grieken, de Romeinse republeek, Aziatiese volkeren en Afrikaanse stammen kent, under verskillende noamen, euren adel. |
| lexicalization | nds: adel |
| lexicalization | nds: Aodel |
| Dutch | |
| has gloss | nld: | |- | |- | |- | |- | |- | |- | |- | |- | |- | |- | |- | |- | |- |} De adel is een sociaal of juridisch afgebakende groep mensen die van oorsprong een bevoorrechte positie innam. De inhoud van het begrip varieert naar gelang de tijd en plaats. |
| lexicalization | nld: adel |
| lexicalization | nld: aristocratie |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | |
| has gloss | nno: Adel var særleg innan føydalismen ei nemning på den øvste samfunnsklassa. Adelen utvikla seg ved at hovdingar eller stormenn vart gjevne adelstitlar av til dømes ein konge eller keisar. Etter kvart vart adelstittelen og rettane knytt til denne gjort arveleg. Slik utvikla det seg adelsslekter. Om ei adelsslekt var særleg mektig, kunne ho verta kalla fyrstehus. |
| lexicalization | nno: adel |
| Norwegian Bokmål | |
| lexicalization | nob: aristokrati |
| Norwegian | |
| has gloss | nor: :For mannsnavnet, se Adel (navn) Adel er betegnelsen på en samfunnsklasse som innehar særskilte juridiske privilegier, til dels egen honorær tittel og (tidligere ofte) en viss grad av skattefrihet. Ordet kommer av tysk «edel, egentlig, uforfalsket». Uttrykket ble alminnelig brukt fra 1600-tallet i Norden og er i norske kilder første gang belagt i 1513. Når begrepet brukes om tiden før 1500-tallet refererer det vanligvis til verdslig aristokrati, til forskjell fra geistlig aristokrati . |
| lexicalization | nor: adel |
| Occitan (post 1500) | |
| lexicalization | oci: Noblesa |
| Polish | |
| has gloss | pol: Szlachta (z niem. Geschlecht - ród) – wyższa warstwa społeczna, wywodząca się ze stanu rycerskiego w społeczeństwie feudalnym. Szlachta posiadała zespół przywilejów społecznych, z których najbardziej podstawowym był przywilej posiadania ziemi. Przynależność do szlachty łączyła się z obowiązkiem służby wojskowej. |
| lexicalization | pol: szlachta |
| lexicalization | pol: arystokracja |
| Portuguese | |
| has gloss | por: Nobreza representa a classe social de maior estrato, sendo geralmente hereditária. |
| lexicalization | por: Nobreza |
| lexicalization | por: nobreza |
| lexicalization | por: aristocracia |
| Moldavian | |
| has gloss | ron: Dvorianstvo (în limba rusă: дворянство) este un termen prin care este denumită nobilimea rusă. O persoană din această clasă socială era denumită dvorianin. Acesta era un statut, o clasă socială, nu un titlu. |
| lexicalization | ron: Nobilime |
| lexicalization | ron: Regalitatea şi nobilimea rusă |
| lexicalization | ron: Regalitatea și nobilimea rusă |
| lexicalization | ron: aristocraţie |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ron: aristocrație |
| lexicalization | ron: boierime |
| Russian | |
| has gloss | rus: Дворя́нство — привилегированное сословие, возникшее в феодальном обществе. Понятие частично воспроизводится в буржуазном обществе. В широком смысле 1-ым дворянством именуют европейскую феодальную аристократию вообще. В этом смысле можно говорить о «французском дворянстве», «немецком дворянстве» и т. п. |
| lexicalization | rus: дворянство |
| lexicalization | rus: аристократия |
| Slovak | |
| has gloss | slk: Šľachta alebo aristokracia alebo nepresne nobilita je dedičná vedúca vrstva spoločnosti. Je spravidla charakterizovaná zákazom/obmedzením sobášov s príslušníkmi neslobodných vrstiev, považuje sama seba za predurčenú na riadenie spoločnosti a často je vlastníkom pôdy a poddaných. |
| lexicalization | slk: Šľachta |
| lexicalization | slk: aristokracia |
| Slovenian | |
| has gloss | slv: Plémstvo je poseben, višji socialni družbeni razred. Z razvojem meščanstva je plemstvo zgubilo staro veljavo, a še zmeraj obstajajo na vodilnih položajih nekaterih držav (najboljši primer je Združeno kraljestvo). Navade plemstva so sicer izginile, a ostaja dejstvo, da je plemstvo že zaradi svojega izvora, slave in zgodoine vrhovni družbeni sloj, česar ni moč spremeniti, četudi smo v času ko vlada kapitalizem. Plemstvo predstavlja tudi navado, ki se je ohranila v državah iz preteklosti. |
| lexicalization | slv: Plemstvo |
| lexicalization | slv: aristokracija |
| Castilian | |
| has gloss | spa: La Nobleza era uno de los tres estamentos medievales y del Antiguo Régimen, junto con el clero y el tercer estado. Su carácter preponderante fue prácticamente abolido en la esfera política, ante la ausencia de legitimidad de su dominio, frente a los argumentos ilustrados. En el ámbito social su influencia se mantuvo, aun después de las Revoluciones burguesas y proletarias, no obstante las permanentes presiones por eliminar una distinción introducida entre seres humanos esencialmente iguales. |
| lexicalization | spa: Nobleza |
| lexicalization | spa: aristocracia |
| Albanian | |
| has gloss | sqi: Adel (Nga , ) përdorët në gjuhën gjermane me kuptimin Paria. |
| lexicalization | sqi: Adel |
| Serbian | |
| lexicalization | srp: Племство |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | srp: aristokratija |
| lexicalization | srp: аристократија |
| Swedish | |
| has gloss | swe: :Denna artikel handlar om samhällgruppen "adel". För stadsdelen i Leeds, se Adel. Adel, en samhällsgrupp som äger lagstadgade, vanligtvis ärftliga privilegier av ekonomisk, politisk och social karaktär. Adelskapet kan vara förenat med titlar och särskilda heraldiska rangtecken. Adelsprivilegier kan vara mycket betydande och innebära till exempel skattefrihet och företräde till statliga ämbeten, främst inom militären. |
| lexicalization | swe: adel |
| lexicalization | swe: aristokrati |
| Silesian | |
| lexicalization | szl: Šlachta |
| Thai | |
| lexicalization | tha: อภิชนาธิปไตย |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | tha: พวกขุนนาง |
| Turkish | |
| has gloss | tur: Asalet edebî eserlerde terbiye dışı, çirkin, bayağı, müstehcen, kaba ve argo sözlerden kaçınma. Edeb-i kelâm. Mümtâziyet. Tersi: Hasâset. |
| lexicalization | tur: Asalet |
| lexicalization | tur: Soyluluk |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | tur: soylular |
| lexicalization | tur: aristokrasi |
| Ukrainian | |
| has gloss | ukr: Знать (шля́хта, дворя́нство) — історично вищий соціальний прошарок, суспільний стан, статус, що успадковується. Сьогодні й досі існує в деяких країнах — переважно в країнах, що є чи були монархіями. |
| lexicalization | ukr: знать |
| lexicalization | ukr: Шляхта |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ukr: аристократія |
| Venetian | |
| has gloss | vec: Secondo na definision deło storego Marc Bloch, a se definise nobiltà na clase dominante che ła gàbia on proprio statuto giuridico che el conferma e el materiałisa ła superiorità che ła pretende e, in secondo łogo, che tałe statuto el vegna perpetuà par via ereditaria. A xe amessa, a favore de alcune fameje nove, ła posibiłità de aquisirne ł'aceso, anca se in numaro ristreto e secondo norme regołarmente stabiłìe. |
| lexicalization | vec: Nobiltà |
| Vietnamese | |
| has gloss | vie: Phong tước là hình thức ban tặng danh hiệu cho tầng lớp quý tộc trong chế độ phong kiến, đi kèm với nó là việc ban tặng đất đai, tạo nên các giai cấp địa chủ và nông dân. Do đó, khái niệm về chế độ phong kiến cũng xuất phát từ đó (phong tước + kiến địa). Các tước hiệu, của chế độ phong kiến theo thứ bậc từ cao đến thấp, bao gồm: * Đế (Hoàng đế), là tước hiệu chỉ dành cho vua, do vua tự phong cho mình. * Vương - tước vị cao nhất dành cho hoàng tộc hay quan lại quý tộc (thần dân của vua). Cũng để dùng phong cho cho vua của các nước nhỏ, chư hầu của nước lớn. Ở Việt Nam, vào triều hậu Lê (Lê trung hưng), là tước vua Lê phong cho các chúa Trịnh và chúa Nguyễn. * Công (Quốc công, Quận công) * Hầu * Bá * Tử * Nam |
| lexicalization | vie: phong tước |
| lexicalization | vie: Quý tộc |
| Vlaams | |
| lexicalization | vls: Oadel |
| Chinese | |
| has gloss | zho: 貴族最初指的是奴隶制社会和封建社會中，因权力、财产高于其他阶级而形成的上層階級。包括军事贵族、世俗贵族、宗教贵族。经过演变，贵族制度在一些国家延续下来，形成了稳定的貴族制。与平民阶级相比，贵族阶级享有更多的特权，拥有更大的政治权利。 |
| lexicalization | zho: 貴族 |
| Links | |
|---|---|
| has member | (noun) a member of the aristocracy patrician, aristocrat, blue blood |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| similar | e/Aristocracy (class) |
| similar | e/Nobility |
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